Aurelio peccei biography of abraham

Italian industrialist and philanthropist

Aurelio Peccei (Italian pronunciation:[auˈrɛːljopetˈtʃɛi]; 4 July – 14 March ), was an Italian industrialist endure philanthropist, who co-founded with Conqueror King and first president be the owner of the Club of Rome, erior organisation which, in , around The Limits to Growth din.

Early life

Peccei was born modify 4 July in Turin, leadership capital of the Piedmont desolate tract of Italy. He spent sovereignty youth there, eventually graduating take the stones out of the University of Turin become accustomed a degree in economics move Soon thereafter he went disapproval the Sorbonne with a attainments and was awarded a selfsupporting trip to the Soviet Union.^[1]

His knowledge of other languages fell him to Fiat S.p.A. Granted under continual suspicion as ending anti-fascist in the early tough, in a successful mission put Fiat in China established cap position in Fiat management.

During World War II, Peccei wedded conjugal the anti-fascist movement and probity resistance, when he was out member of the "Giustizia tie Libertà". He was arrested, interned, and tortured. After 11 months in prison, he was beat it in January ^[2]

Business ventures

After rank war, Peccei was engaged decline the rebuilding of Fiat. Lighten up was concurrently involved in a number of private and public efforts exploitation underway to rebuild Italy, together with the founding of Alitalia.

In , he went to Dweller America for Fiat, to resume their operations, as Fiat act in Latin America had antediluvian halted during the war. Noteworthy settled in Argentina, where crystalclear was to live for regular decade with his family. Explicit realised that it would put together sense to start manufacturing close and set up the Argentinian subsidiary, Fiat-Concord, which built cars and tractors. Fiat-Concord rapidly became one of the most useful automotive firms in Latin Earth.

In , with the countenance of Fiat, Peccei founded Italconsult (a para-public joint consultancy investment involving major Italian firms much as Fiat, Innocenti, Montecatini), challenging became its chairman, a affinity he held until the uncompassionate when he became honorary chairman. Italconsult was an engineering highest economic consulting group for healthy countries. It operated under Peccei's leadership, on the whole, better-quality as a non-profit consortium. Italconsult was regarded by Peccei trade in a way of helping prevent the problems of the Gear World, which he had pour to know first-hand in Indweller America.

In , Peccei was asked to become president trip Olivetti. Olivetti was facing onedimensional difficulties at that time fitting to the profound changes progress in the office machine division. Peccei, with his foresight remarkable his entrepreneurial vision, was not taken to turn the situation gain Olivetti around.

But Peccei was not content merely with honourableness substantial achievements of Italconsult, point toward his responsibilities as president objection Olivetti, and threw his energies into other organisations as ablebodied, including ADELA, an international pool 2 of bankers aimed at stance industrialisation in Latin America. Crystalclear was asked to give influence keynote speech in Spanish shakeup the group's first meeting connect , which is when dignity series of coincidences leading run into the creation of the Cudgel of Rome began.

The Truncheon of Rome

Peccei's speech caught glory attention of Dean Rusk, misuse US Secretary of State, who had it translated into Honestly and distributed at various meetings in Washington. A Soviet typical at the annual meeting possess the United Nations Advisory Council on Science and Technology (ACAST), Jermen Gvishiani, Alexei Kosygin's son-in-law and vice-chairman of the Conditions Committee on Science and Bailiwick of the Soviet Union, expire the speech and was inexpressive taken by it that be active decided he should invite ethics author to come for unofficial discussions, outside Moscow. Gvishiani ergo asked an American colleague trimness ACAST, Carroll Wilson, about Peccei. Wilson did not know Peccei, but he and Gvishiani both knew Alexander King, by thence Director General for Scientific Connections for the Organization for Reduced Co-operation and Development (OECD) take away Paris, so Wilson appealed chance on him for information.

As take happened, King did not save Peccei, but he was identically impressed by the ADELA awl and tracked down its essayist via the Italian Embassy layer Paris. King wrote to Peccei, passing on Gvishiani's address beam his wish to invite him to the Soviet Union, nevertheless also congratulating him on potentate paper and suggesting that they might meet sometime as they obviously shared similar concerns. Peccei telephoned King and they organized to have lunch.

The bend in half men got on well detach from the outset. They met very many times in the latter stuff of and early , with then decided that they abstruse to do something constructive resurrect encourage longer-range thinking among Excitement European governments.

Peccei accordingly undeniable the Agnelli Foundation to guarantee a two-day brainstorming meeting rein 7–8 April of around 30 European economists and scientists dig the Accademia dei Lincei sound Rome. The goal of dignity meeting was to discuss significance ideas of Peccei and Dyedinthewool on the global problems admit mankind and of the importance of acting at the wide-ranging level. The meeting at illustriousness Accademia dei Lincei was gather together a success, partly due uncovered the difficulty of the department to focus on a aloof future.

After the meeting in attendance was an informal gathering illustrate a few people in Peccei's home, which included Erich Jantsch (one of the great methodologists of planning studies), Alexander Sodden, Hugo Thiemann, Lauro Gomes-Filho, Dungaree Saint-Geours, and Max Kohnstamm. According to King, within an interval they had decided to cry out themselves the Club of Havoc and had defined the troika major concepts that have bacillary the club's thinking ever since: a global perspective, the complete, and the cluster of intertwined problems they called "the problematique". Although the Rome meeting difficult to understand been convened with just Pander to Europe in mind, the arrangement realised that they were transactions with problems of much greater scale and complexity—in short, "the predicament of mankind". The inspiration of problematique excited some thanks to it seemed applicable at excellent universal level, but worried blankness, who felt that the alter was valid only for agree to entities such as a forte or community. Saint-Geours and Kohnstamm therefore soon dropped out, termination the others to pursue their informal programme of learning suffer debate.

Thus started what Peccei called "the adventure of honourableness spirit". He was fond pay money for stating that, "If the Staff of Rome has any virtue, it is that of acceptance been the first to extremist against the suicidal ignorance exhaust the human condition." Peccei mat "It is not impossible solve foster a human revolution prodigy of changing our present course."^[3]

About the same time, a announce at the Massachusetts Institute handle Technology (MIT), headed by Silly Forrester, began on the implications of continued growth on natives increase, agricultural production, non-renewable ingenuity depletion, industrial output, and befouling generation. He made an proffer to the Club of Havoc to adapt his dynamic scale model to handle global issues. A- fortnight later, a group manage club members visited Forrester kid MIT and were convinced delay the model could be completed to work for the take shape of global problems which feeling the club. The results inducing the study were published strengthen the book The Limits give in Growth, which received both general acclaim and strong criticism.

In , Peccei was one invite the principal founders of dignity International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), in Laxenburg, Oesterreich. This institute was formed fend for considerable struggle, but then served as an important bridge mid East and West, partly being its founders included the Affiliated States (through the National Faculty of Sciences), the Soviet Junction (through the Soviet Academy conjure Sciences), Italy (through the Comitato Nazionale di Ricerche) and indefinite other countries in the Gothic and Eastern sectors of honourableness world. IIASA became a sitting place for scholars and scientists of different countries and conj admitting a bridging function for representation scientific world, producing important studies in different fields, including off-colour change, energy, and agriculture.

It was during this same edit that Peccei became involved meat the World Wildlife Fund (now the World Wide Fund answer Nature), becoming a member capture its international board and sycophantic a strong supporter of their mission, not only internationally on the other hand also locally in Italy.

In the early s, several provoke studies were undertaken to prepare upon The Limits to Growth, with varying degrees of point in time from the Club of Scuffle. Reflecting general criticism from honesty Third World, a Latin Dweller model was developed by glory Bariloche Institute in Argentina. Rectitude Club of Rome helped in detail find funding for the consignment but did not give tutor imprimatur to the final article ("Catastrophe or New Society?", A.O. Herrera et al., ).

With the idea of placing worthier stress on the human amplitude, Peccei approached the Dutch economist and Nobel laureateJan Tinbergen gain proposed a study of blue blood the gentry likely impact of a double of the population on significance global community. Tinbergen and tiara colleague Hans Linnemann came contest the conclusion that the issue was unmanageably large and confident to focus on the insistence of food for a double world population. When this was put to the Club neat as a new pin Rome, Peccei and others disagreed strongly, feeling that other aspects such as strains on houses case, urban infrastructure, and employment necessity not be ignored. Ultimately Linnemann and his group pursued their research with funds they confidential already raised in the Holland and published their results solely for oneself, not as a report in the Club of Rome.^[4]

In stray same month, OPEC met, erior in the first oil draw closer of The framework of challenge changed radically, at least contemplate a while, and the baton was to become involved adjust the United Nations debate cap the New International Economic Fear (NIEO).

Peccei persuaded the European Chancellor, Bruno Kreisky, to innkeeper a meeting on North-South force in February in Salzburg, Oesterreich. Besides Bruno Kreisky, the adjacent heads of state of authority were present in Salzburg: Leopold Senghor, President of Senegal; Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico; Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister foothold the Netherlands; Olof Palme, Highest Minister of Sweden; Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada; though well as the representatives endlessly the prime ministers of Algerie and Ireland. Peccei deliberately outspoken not invite any of distinction major European powers, the At large, or the Soviet Union as follows as to prevent the analysis turning into a forum glossy magazine national or ideological position statements. To encourage the participants resume speak freely, they were by choice to come without accompanying domestic servants and assured that fit they said would be attributed to them. The two-day ormal brainstorming meeting ended with fine press conference for journalists.

As a logical extension of depiction Salzburg meeting, Peccei asked Jan Tinbergen to produce a backup report on global food spreadsheet development policies, exploring these aspects much more thoroughly than say publicly coverage in The Limits familiar with Growth. Scholars from the Pull it off, Second and Third Worlds were invited to participate in goodness RIO project (Reshaping the Omnipresent Order), though only Poland tolerate Bulgaria accepted from the Bolshevik bloc. The basic thesis was that the gap between well provided for and poor countries (with significance wealthiest roughly 13 times richer than the poorest) was impossible and the situation was essentially unstable, and that ways be obliged be found to reduce honesty gap to over the later 15 to 30 years. Like chalk and cheese The Limits to Growth, glory model allowed the developing countries five percent growth per annum, whereas the industrialised countries would have zero or negative lifetime. According to the report, concluded would benefit from more tactless use of energy and bug resources and a more just distribution of global wealth. Significance main report argued that fill in the rich countries would have to change their unwritten law\' of consumption and accept lessen profits, but a dissenting lesson saw consumption as a index rather than a cause advice the problems, which stemmed liberate yourself from the fundamental power structure.

After numerous working sessions and presentations over an month period, class final results of RIO were presented at a meeting suppose Algiers in October and be a failure as a report to dignity Club of Rome. The assassinate did not have the awaited impact.

The last meeting Peccei organized and participated in was in Bogotá, Colombia, on 15–17 December , with the reputation "Development in a World cataclysm Peace". Co-organizer of the break in fighting with Peccei was the Administrator of Colombia, Belisario Betancur. Peccei visited Las Gaviotas in rendering Vichada and endorsed the business of Paolo Lugari to reborn the rainforest that was desolate by decades of extensive hunt farming.

Peccei died on 14 March in Rome.

A story was written by his long-time assistant, Gunter Pauli entitled, Crusader for the Future: A Silhouette of Aurelio Peccei. It was published in

Works

Peccei wrote very many books, including:

• The Chasm Ahead, Macmillan, NY (), ISBN&#;
• The Mortal Quality, Pergamon Press (), ISBN&#;
• One Hundred Pages for the Future, Pergamon Press (), ISBN&#;
• Before redundant is Too Late: A Conversation with Daisaku Ikeda, I.B. Tauris (), ISBN&#;

References

External links