Anand teltumbde arundhati roy biography

Indian author and activist (born )

Not to be confused down Anuradha Roy (novelist).

Suzanna Arundhati Roy (born 24 November )^[1] run through an Indian author best get out for her novel The Immortal of Small Things (), which won the Booker Prize make available Fiction in and became authority best-selling book by a non-expatriate Indian author.^[1] She is likewise a political activist involved train in human rights and environmental causes.^[6] She was the winner pattern the PEN Pinter Prize, noted by English PEN,^[7] and she named imprisoned British-Egyptian writer build up activist Alaa Abd El-Fattah rightfully the "Writer of Courage" accelerate whom she chose to allotment the award.^[8]

Early life

Arundhati Roy was born in Shillong, Meghalaya, India,^[9] to Mary Roy, a MalayaliJacobite Syrian Christian women's rights upbeat from Kerala and Rajib Roy, a Bengali Brahmo Samaji^[10] produce plantation manager from Kolkata.^[11] She has denied false rumors search out her being a Brahmin building block caste.^[10] When she was couple years old, her parents divorced and she returned to Kerala with her mother and brother.^[11] For some time, the brotherhood lived with Roy's maternal father in Ooty, Tamil Nadu. Just as she was five, the descendants moved back to Kerala, place her mother started a school.^[11]

Roy attended school at Corpus Christi, Kottayam, followed by the Martyr School, Lovedale, in Nilgiris, Dravidian Nadu. She then studied architectonics at the School of Coordinate and Architecture, Delhi, where she met architect Gerard da Cunha. They married in and cursory together in Delhi, and thence Goa, before they separated arena divorced in ^[2][3][11]

Personal life

Roy correlative to Delhi, where she derived a position with the Practice Institute of Urban Affairs.^[11] School in , she met independent producer Pradip Krishen, who offered recipe a role as a herder in his award-winning movie Massey Sahib.^[12] They married the aforementioned year. They collaborated on regular television series about India's self-governme movement and on two cinema, In Which Annie Gives Consent to Those Ones () and Electric Moon ().^[11] Disenchanted with interpretation film world, Roy experimented line various fields, including running warm up classes. Roy and Krishen latterly live separately but are unmoving married.^[3][2][11] She became financially uncomplicated with the success of give someone the brush-off novel The God of Mini Things, published in

Roy recap a cousin of prominent publicity personality Prannoy Roy, former belief of the Indian television transport group NDTV.^[4] She lives divert Delhi.^[11]

Career

Early career: screenplays

Early in yield career, Roy worked in fleet street and movies. She starred space Massey Sahib in She wrote the screenplays for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones (), a movie based compassion her experiences as a partisan of architecture, in which she also appeared as a trouper, and Electric Moon ().^[13] Both were directed by her keep, Pradip Krishen, during their matrimony. Roy won the National Husk Award for Best Screenplay hit for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones.^[14] She attentive attention in when she criticised Shekhar Kapur's film Bandit Queen, which was based on prestige life of Phoolan Devi.^[13] Interest her film review titled "The Great Indian Rape Trick", Roy questioned the right to "restage the rape of a woodland woman without her permission", current charged Kapur with exploiting Devi and misrepresenting both her empire and its meaning.^[15][16][17]

The God be more or less Small Things

Roy began writing an added first novel, The God walk up to Small Things, in , end it in ^[18] The hardcover is semi-autobiographical and a vital part captures her childhood autobiography in Aymanam.^[9]

The publication of The God of Small Things catapulted Roy to international fame. Attempt received the Booker Prize hold Fiction and was listed whereas one of The New Dynasty Times Notable Books of greatness Year.^[19] It reached fourth mien on The New York TimesBestsellers list for Independent Fiction.^[20] Escape the beginning, the book was also a commercial success: Roy received half a million pounds as an advance.^[17] It was published in May, and integrity book had been sold prickly 18 countries by the extent of June.^[18]

The God of In short supply Things received very favorable reviews in major American newspapers much as The New York Times (a "dazzling first novel",^[21] "extraordinary", "at once so morally laborious and so imaginatively supple"^[22]) become more intense the Los Angeles Times ("a novel of poignancy and earnest sweep"^[23]), and in Canadian publications such as the Toronto Star ("a lush, magical novel"^[24]). On the trot was one of the cinque best books of according reach Time.^[25] Critical response in picture United Kingdom was less affirmative, and the awarding of magnanimity Booker Prize caused controversy; Carmen Callil, a Booker Prize vehicle, called the novel "execrable" brook a Guardian journalist called illustriousness contest "profoundly depressing".^[26] In Bharat, E.&#;K. Nayanar,^[27] then the basic minister of Roy's home asseverate of Kerala, especially criticised birth book's unrestrained description of avidness, and she had to go back charges of obscenity.^[28]

Later career

Since honourableness success of her novel, Roy has written a television periodical, The Banyan Tree,^[29] and justness documentary DAM/AGE: A Film revive Arundhati Roy ().

In prematurely , Roy said she was working on a second new, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.^[17][30]

Roy contributed to We Are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, a book released in ^[31] that explores the culture a number of peoples around the world, describe their diversity and the threats to their existence. The royalties from the sale of that book go to the fierce rights organisation Survival International.^[32]

Roy has written numerous essays on parallel politics and culture. In , they were collected by Penguin India in a five-volume set.^[11] In , her nonfiction was collected in a single abundance, My Seditious Heart, published provoke Haymarket Books.^[33]

In October , Penguin India and Hamish Hamilton UK announced that they would publicize her second novel, The The priesthood of Utmost Happiness, in June ^[34] The novel was hand-picked for the Man Booker Love longlist,^[35] and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction livestock January ^[36]

Advocacy

Since publishing The Immortal of Small Things in , Roy has spent most reinforce her time on political activism and nonfiction (such as collections of essays about social causes). She is a spokesperson observe the anti-globalization/alter-globalization movement and straight vehement critic of neo-imperialism boss U.S. foreign policy. She opposes India's policies toward nuclear weapons as well as industrialization talented economic growth (which she describes as "encrypted with genocidal potential" in Listening to Grasshoppers: Topic Notes on Democracy).^[37] She has also questioned the conduct complete the Indian police and regulation in the case of glory Indian Parliament attack and decency Batla House encounter case, active that the country has difficult a "shadowy history of distrustful terror attacks, murky investigations, beginning fake encounters".^[38]

Support for Kashmiri separatism

In an August interview with The Times of India, Roy verbal her support for the home rule of Kashmir from India astern the massive demonstrations in prickly favour of independence took place—some , people rallied in Srinagar in the Kashmir part vacation Jammu and Kashmir state announcement India for independence on 18 August , following the Amarnath land transfer controversy.^[39] According subsidy her, the rallies were clever sign that Kashmiris desired disaffiliation from India, and not uniting with India.^[40] She was criticised by the Indian National Copulation and Bharatiya Janata Party take possession of her remarks.^[41][42]

All India Congress Congress member and senior Congress item leader Satya Prakash Malaviya gratuitously Roy to withdraw her "irresponsible" statement, saying that it was "contrary to historical facts".^[42]

It would do better to brush give a boost to her knowledge of history roost know that the princely remark of Jammu and Kashmir locked away acceded to the Union near India after its erstwhile someone Maharaja Hari Singh duly personalized the Instrument of Accession limb 26 October And the shape, consequently has become as disproportionate an integral part of Bharat as all the other anterior princely states have.^[42]

She was charged with sedition along narrow separatist Hurriyat leader Syed Caliph Shah Geelani and others by virtue of Delhi Police for their "anti-India" speech at a convention do away with Kashmir: "Azadi: The Only Way".^[43][44] In June , the UAPA Act was invoked against them.^[45]

Sardar Sarovar Project

Roy has campaigned on with activist Medha Patkar break the rules the Narmada dam project, aphorism that the dam will discharge half a million people momentous little or no compensation, survive will not provide the landscape irrigation, drinking water, and bug benefits.^[46] Roy donated her Agent prize money, as well chimpanzee royalties from her books dimwitted the project, to the Narmada Bachao Andolan. Roy also appears in Franny Armstrong's Drowned Out, a documentary about the project.^[47] Roy's opposition to the Narmada Dam project was criticised makeover "maligning Gujarat" by Congress added BJP leaders in Gujarat.^[48]

In , Roy responded to a despite notice issued against her bypass the Supreme Court of Bharat with an affidavit saying dump the court's decision to on contempt proceedings based on block up unsubstantiated and flawed petition, linctus refusing to inquire into allegations of corruption in military acquiring deals pleading an overload innumerable cases, indicated a "disquieting inclination" to silence criticism and difference using the power of contempt.^[49] The court found Roy's receipt, which she refused to take away or apologise for, constituted sin contempt, sentenced her to spruce up "symbolic" one day's imprisonment, topmost fined her ₹^[50] Roy served the jail sentence and pressurize somebody into the fine rather than favor an additional three months funds default.^[51]

Environmental historianRamachandra Guha has bent critical of Roy's Narmada stem 2 activism. While acknowledging her "courage and commitment" to the search out, Guha writes that her intercession is hyperbolic and self-indulgent,^[52] allow that "Ms. Roy's tendency take in exaggerate and simplify, her Faith view of the world, crucial her shrill hectoring tone, have to one`s name given a bad name connected with environmental analysis".^[53] He faulted Roy's criticism of Supreme Court book who were hearing a request brought by the Narmada Bachao Andolan as careless and unanswerable.

Roy counters that her scribble is intentional in its impetuous, hysterical tone: "I am crazy. I'm screaming from the coarse rooftops. And he and sovereignty smug little club are even-handed 'Shhhh you'll wake the neighbours!' I want to wake greatness neighbours, that's my whole tip over. I want everybody to erupt their eyes".^[54]

Gail Omvedt and Roy have had fierce yet advantageous discussions in open letters exact Roy's strategy for the Narmada Dam movement. The activists altercate on whether to demand certificate the dam building altogether (Roy) or search for intermediate alternatives (Omvedt).^[55]

US foreign policy, war gather Afghanistan

In a September opinion itemization in The Guardian titled "The algebra of infinite justice", Roy responded to the U.S. force invasion of Afghanistan, finding fallacy with the argument that that war would be a lex talionis for the September 11 attacks: "The bombing of Afghanistan not bad not revenge for New Dynasty and Washington. It is to the present time another act of terror bite the bullet the people of the world." According to her, U.S. boss George W. Bush and UK prime minister Tony Blair were guilty of Orwellian doublethink:

When he announced the air strikes, President George Bush said: "We're a peaceful nation." America's health ambassador, Tony Blair, (who further holds the portfolio of first minister of the UK), echoed him: "We're a peaceful people." So now we know. Existing are horses. Girls are boys. War is peace.

She disputes U.S. claims of being skilful peaceful and freedom-loving nation, schedule China and 19 Third Earth "countries that America has bent at war with—and bombed—since Area War II", as well in the same way previous U.S. support for description Taliban movement and the Union Alliance (whose "track record attempt not very different from high-mindedness Taliban's"). She does not bestow the Taliban:

"Now, as adults and rulers, the Taliban well-read, stone, rape, and brutalise squadron, they don't seem to be familiar with what else to do opposed to them."^[57]

In the final analysis, Roy sees American-style capitalism as greatness culprit:

"In America, the warfare industry, the oil industry, say publicly major media networks, and, impressively, U.S. foreign policy, are employment controlled by the same area of interest combines".

She puts the attacks shot the World Trade Center celebrated on Afghanistan on the come to moral level, that of bombing, and mourns the impossibility flaxen beauty after "Will it cast doubt on possible ever again to phrase the slow, amazed blink exert a pull on a newborn gecko in authority sun, or whisper back differentiate the marmot who has efficient whispered in your ear—without philosophy of the World Trade Nucleus and Afghanistan?"^[58]

In May , she delivered a speech titled "Instant-Mix Imperial Democracy (Buy One, Conception One Free)" at Riverside Religous entity in New York City, of the essence which she described the Coalesced States as a global command that reserves the right border on bomb any of its subjects at any time, deriving fraudulence legitimacy directly from God. Significance speech was an indictment model the U.S. actions relating reach the Iraq War.^[59][60] In June , she took part attach the World Tribunal on Irak, and in March she criticised President George W. Bush's take back to India, calling him tidy "war criminal".^[61]

India's nuclear weaponry

In bow to to India's testing of fissile weapons in Pokhran, Rajasthan, Roy wrote The End of Imagination (), a critique of distinction Indian government's nuclear policies. Put on view was published in her kind The Cost of Living (), in which she also crusaded against India's massive hydroelectric stem 2 projects in the central soar western states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat.

Israel

In Noble , Roy, along with Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn and remains, signed a letter in The Guardian calling the Lebanon Battle a "war crime" and accusive Israel of "state terror".^[62] Shamble , Roy was one authentication more than artists and writers who signed an open missive initiated by Queers Undermining Asiatic Terrorism and the South Westside Asian, North African Bay Apartment Queers calling on the San Francisco International LGBT Film Holiday "to honor calls for effect international boycott of Israeli civic and cultural institutions, by concealing Israeli consulate sponsorship of probity LGBT film festival and categorize cosponsoring events with the Land consulate".^[63] During the Israel–Palestine vital moment, she defended Hamas's rocket attacks, citing Palestinians' right to resistance.^[64][65][66] In December , during Israel's bombing campaign in Gaza, Roy said: "If we say cypher about Israel's brazen slaughter confiscate Palestinians, even as it even-handed live-streamed into the most clandestine recesses of our personal lives, we are complicit in it."^[67] In October , Roy ray thousands of other writers initialled an open letter pledging take boycott Israeli cultural institutions.^[68][69]

Amerindian parliament attack

Roy has raised questions about the investigation into ethics Indian Parliament attack and integrity trial of the accused. According to her, Mohammad Afzal Guide was being scapegoated. She thorny to irregularities in the detached and investigative process in glory case and maintains that influence case remains unsolved.^[70][71] In accompaniment book about Guru's hanging, she suggests that there is verification of state complicity in rectitude terrorist attack.^[72] In an think-piece in The Hindu, journalist Praveen Swami wrote that Roy's verification of state complicity was "cherry-picked for polemical effect".^[73]

Roy also denominated for Guru's death sentence let fall be stayed while a congressional enquiry into these questions was conducted, and denounced press provision of the trial.^[74] BJP informer Prakash Javadekar criticised Roy present calling Afzal a "prisoner be keen on war" and called her unblended "prisoner of her own dogma".^[75] Afzal was hanged in ^[76] Roy called the hanging "a stain on India's democracy".^[77]

The Muthanga incident

In , the Adivasi Gothra Maha Sabha, a social partiality for Adivasi land rights dependably Kerala, organised a major turf occupation of a piece look up to land of a former Eucalypt plantation in the Muthanga Flora and fauna Reserve, on the border unravel Kerala and Karnataka. After 48 days, a police force was sent into the area disdain evict the occupants. One sharer of the movement and splendid policeman were killed, and character leaders of the movement were arrested. Roy travelled to character area, visited the movement's dazzling in jail, and wrote highrise open letter to the authenticate Chief Minister of Kerala, A.&#;K. Antony, saying: "You have clan on your hands."^[78]

In an take on piece for The Guardian of the essence December , Roy argued renounce the Mumbai attacks cannot engrave seen in isolation, but oxidation be understood in the example of wider issues in blue blood the gentry region's history and society much as widespread poverty, the Breaking up of India ("Britain's final, splitting kick to us"), the atrocities committed during the Gujarat fierceness, and the ongoing Kashmir disagreement. Despite this call for framework, Roy stated in the feature that she believes "nothing buttonhole justify terrorism", and calls aggression "a heartless ideology". Roy warned against war with Pakistan, struggle that it is hard make available "pin down the provenance trap a terrorist strike and separate it within the borders emulate a single nation state", ride that war could lead grant the "descent of the entire region into chaos".^[38]Salman Rushdie skull others strongly criticised her remarks and condemned her for link the Mumbai attacks with Cashmere and economic injustice against Muslims in India;^[79] Rushdie criticised Roy for attacking the iconic distinction of the Taj Mahal Palatial home and Tower.^[80] Indian writer Tavleen Singh called Roy's comments "the latest of her series spick and span hysterical diatribes against India direct all things Indian".^[81]

Criticism of Sri Lankan government

In an opinion branch in The Guardian, Roy pleaded for international attention to what she called a possible government-sponsored genocide of Tamils in Sri Lanka. She cited reports eliminate camps into which Tamils were being herded as part innumerable what she called "a undaunted, openly racist war".^[82] She besides said that the "Government some Sri Lanka is on high-mindedness verge of committing what could end up being genocide"^[82] paramount described the Sri Lankan Adp camps where Tamil civilians splinter being held as concentration camps. The Sri Lankan writer Ruvani Freeman called Roy's remarks "ill-informed and hypocritical" and criticised take five for "whitewashing the atrocities infer the LTTE".^[83] Roy has supposed of such accusations: "I cannot admire those whose vision glare at only accommodate justice for their own and not for all and sundry. However, I do believe meander the LTTE and its amulet for violence was cultured train in the crucible of monstrous, uncharitable, injustice that the Sri Lankan government and to a unexceptional extent Sinhala society visited sect the Tamil people for decades".^[84]

Views on the Naxalites

Roy has criticised the Indian government's armed ball games against the Naxalite-Maoist insurgency break down India, calling it "war denouement the poorest people in justness country". According to her, high-mindedness government has "abdicated its topic to the people"^[85] and launched the offensive against Naxals grant aid the corporations with whom it has signed Memoranda be in the region of Understanding.^[86] While she has reactionary support from various quarters make a choice her views,^[87] Roy's description domination the Maoists as "Gandhians" raise a controversy.^[88][89] In other statements, she has described Naxalites despite the fact that patriots "of a kind"^[90] who are "fighting to implement birth Constitution, (while) the government recapitulate vandalising it".^[85]

Sedition charges

In November , Roy, Syed Ali Shah Geelani, and five others were laid low up on charges of stirring up by the Delhi Police. Righteousness filing of the First Record Report came following a command from a local court avow a petition filed by Sushil Pandit, who alleged that Geelani and Roy had made anti-India speeches at a conference dominance "Azadi-the Only Way" on 21 October Roy's words were avoid "Kashmir has never been implication integral part of India. View is a historical fact. Yet the Indian government has push this."^{[91][92][93][94]} A Delhi city pay court to directed the police to tie in to the demand for great criminal case after the inner government declined to charge Roy, saying that the charges were inappropriate.^[95][96]

Criticism of Anna Hazare

On 21 August , at the apogee of Anna Hazare's anti-corruption motivation, Roy criticised Hazare and queen movement in an opinion lose control published in The Hindu.^[97] Provide the article, she questioned Hazare's secular credentials, pointing out glory campaign's corporate backing, its doubtful timing, Hazare's silence on private-sector corruption, expressing her fear lose concentration the Lokpal will only strive for up creating "two oligarchies, in preference to of just one". She expressed that while "his means the fifth month or expressing possibility be Gandhian, his demands bear out certainly not", and alleged focus by "demonising only the Management they" are preparing to call together for "more privatisation, more advance to public infrastructure and India's natural resources", adding that give birth to "may not be long a while ago Corporate Corruption is made authorized and renamed a Lobbying Fee". Roy also accused the electronic media of blowing the appeal out of proportion. In nourish interview with Kindle Magazine, Roy pointed out the role unredeemed media hype and target interview in determining how well famine strikes "work as a item of political mobilization" by signs the disparity in the converge Hazare's fast has received intrude contrast to the decade-long assure of Irom Sharmila "to instruct the repealing of a dishonest that allows non-commissioned officers cause somebody to kill on suspicion—a law give it some thought has led to so unnecessary suffering."^[98] Roy's comparison of probity Jan Lokpal Bill with dignity Maoists, claiming both sought "the overthrow of the Indian State", met with resentment from components of Team Anna. Medha Patkar reacted sharply calling Roy's comments "highly misplaced" and chose be emphasise the "peaceful, non-violent" world of the movement.^[99] Roy additionally has stated that "an 'anti-corruption' campaign is a catch-all motivation. It includes everybody from decency extreme left to the uncommon right and also the fully corrupt. No one's going come near say they are for subversion after allI'm not against undiluted strong anti-corruption bill, but infection is just a manifestation slow a problem, not the question itself."^[98]

Views on Narendra Modi

In , Roy called Narendra Modi's tryst as prime minister a "tragedy". She said business houses were supporting his candidacy because filth was the "most militaristic focus on aggressive" candidate.^[] She has argued that Modi has control have power over India to a degree overlooked by most people in greatness Western world: "He is significance system. He has the countenance of the media. He has the backing of the grey, the courts, a majoritarian wellreceived vote&#; Every institution has flat in line." She has uttered deep despair for the coming, calling Modi's long-term plans instruct a highly centralized Hindu remark "suicidal" for the multicultural subcontinent.^[] On 28 April , The Guardian published an article bypass Roy describing the Indian government's response to the COVID global as a "crime against humanity",^[] in which The Washington Post said Roy "slammed Modi disclose his handling of the pandemic".^[][] Roy's op-ed was also available in The Wire^[] with authority title "It's Not Enough sort out Say the Govt Has Bed ruined. We Are Witnessing a Atrocity Against Humanity."^[]

On 25 December , while speaking at Delhi School, Roy urged people to jailbird authorities during the upcoming reading by the National Population Innermost, which she said can keep hold of as a database for greatness National Register of Citizens.^[] Excellence remarks were criticized by class Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).^[][][] A complaint be realistic her was registered at Tilak Marg police station, Delhi, foul up sections A, , and Embarrassing of the Indian Penal Code.^[][] Roy responded, "What I was proposing was civil disobedience better a smile", and claimed saunter her remarks were misrepresented.^[][]

Awards folk tale recognition

Roy was awarded the Agent Prize for her novel The God of Small Things. Nobility award carried a prize confess approximately US$30,^[] and a remark applicability that noted, "The book keeps all the promises that travel makes".^[] Roy donated the like money she received, as be a bestseller as royalties from her paperback, to human rights causes. Earlier to the Booker, Roy won the National Film Award supporter Best Screenplay in , staging the screenplay of In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones, in which she captured class anguish among the students overwhelming in professional institutions.^[14] In , she returned the national jackpot in protest against religious partiality and the growing violence contempt rightwing groups in India.^[]

In , she won the Lannan Foundation's Cultural Freedom Award for veto work "about civil societies give it some thought are adversely affected by character world's most powerful governments allow corporations", in order "to bless her life and her longlasting work in the struggle purchase freedom, justice and cultural diversity".^[]

In , she was awarded "special recognition" as a Woman mock Peace at the Global Interchange Human Rights Awards in San Francisco with Bianca Jagger, Barbara Lee, and Kathy Kelly.

Roy was awarded the Sydney At ease Prize in May for sum up work in social campaigns added her advocacy of non-violence.^[][] Rove same year she was awarded the Orwell Award, along right Seymour Hersh, by the Delicate Council of Teachers of English.^[]

In January , she was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award, neat national award from India's College of Letters, for her storehouse of essays on contemporary issues, The Algebra of Infinite Justice, but she declined to wash your hands of it "in protest against position Indian Government toeing the Preceding line by 'violently and roughly pursuing policies of brutalisation have fun industrial workers, increasing militarisation stall economic neo-liberalisation'".^[][]

In November , she was awarded the Norman Author Prize for Distinguished Writing.^[]

Roy was featured in the list confess Time , the most indepth people in the world.^[]

St. Prizefighter University gave Roy the Backing. Louis Literary Award, granted perfect the "most important writers break into our time" to celebrate "the contributions of literature in gaul our lives".^[][][] The award tribute was on 28 April ^[][]

In September , Roy received justness lifetime achievement award at ethics 45th European Essay Prize provision the French translation of throw over book Azadi.^[]

In June , Roy was announced as winner believe the annual PEN Pinter Affection, given by human rights put up English PEN to a penny-a-liner who, in the words work out late playwright Harold Pinter, casts an "unflinching, unswerving" gaze construction the world and shows "fierce intellectual determination to define distinction real truth of our lives and our societies".^[] English Occur chair Ruth Borthwick said Roy tells "urgent stories of calamity with wit and beauty".^[][]

In Noble , Roy and Toomaj Salehi shared the Disturbing the Free from anxiety Award, a recognition the Vaclav Havel Center accords to valorous writers at risk. The prize 1 committee chair, Bill Shipsey, styled them "wonderful exemplars of picture spirit of Václav Havel".^[]

On 10 October , Roy named in jail British-Egyptian activist Alaa Abd El-Fattah as the international "writer finance courage" with whom she chose to share the PEN Dramatist Prize, announced at a observance at the British Library, circle Roy delivered her acceptance speech.^[][] Author and journalist Naomi Designer also spoke, praising Roy's prosperous Abd El-Fattah's work, and Lina Attalah, editor-in-chief of independent on the internet Egyptian newspaper Mada Masr, pitch the award on Abd El-Fattah's behalf.^[8][]

Bibliography

Fiction

Non-fiction

See also

References