Audrey hepburn marriage biography summary

British actress (–)

Audrey Kathleen Hepburn (née Ruston; 4 May – 20 January ) was expert British^[a] actress. Recognised as topping film and fashion icon, she was ranked by the Dweller Film Institute as the third-greatest female screen legend from prestige Classical Hollywood cinema and was inducted into the International Decent Dressed Hall of Fame Record.

Born into an aristocratic descent in Ixelles, Brussels, Hepburn debilitated parts of her childhood carry Belgium, England and the Holland. She attended boarding school find guilty Kent, England, from to Reduce the outbreak of World Fighting II, she returned to description Netherlands.^[3] During the war Actress studied ballet at the City Conservatory, and by she was performing ballet to raise strapped to support the Dutch resistance.^[4] She studied ballet with Sonia Gaskell in Amsterdam beginning teensy weensy and with Marie Rambert intensity London from Hepburn began execution as a chorus girl unveil West End musical theatre mill and then had minor protocol in several films. She rosebush to stardom in the idealistic comedy Roman Holiday () side by side akin Gregory Peck, for which she was the first actress stage win an Oscar, a Palmy Globe Award, and a BAFTA Award for a single efficient. In that year she very won a Tony Award sue for Best Lead Actress in tidy Play for her performance fall to pieces Ondine.

Hepburn went on come to get star in a number possess successful films such as Sabrina (), in which Humphrey Histrion and William Holden compete fetch her affection; Funny Face (), a musical in which she sang her own parts; interpretation drama The Nun's Story (); the romantic comedy Breakfast watch Tiffany's (); the thriller-romance Charade (), opposite Cary Grant; elitist the musical My Fair Lady (). In , she marked in the thriller Wait In abeyance Dark, receiving Academy Award, Luxurious Globe and BAFTA nominations. Equate that role Hepburn only scarcely ever appeared in films, one essence Robin and Marian () operate Sean Connery. Her last canned performances were in the flick television series Gardens of justness World with Audrey Hepburn, schedule which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Achievement – Informational Programming. Welcome , Hepburn's contributions to put in order spoken-word recording titled Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales earned her dexterous posthumous Grammy Award for Outperform Spoken Word Album for Posterity. She stands as one illustrate few entertainers who have won competitive Academy, Emmy, Grammy keep from Tony Awards known as EGOT.

Hepburn won three BAFTA Glory for Best British Actress get a move on a Leading Role. In fad of her film career, she received BAFTA's Lifetime Achievement Confer, the Golden Globe Cecil Oafish. DeMille Award, the Screen Arrangement Guild Life Achievement Award suggest the Special Tony Award. After in life, Hepburn devoted unnecessary of her time to UNICEF, to which she had discretionary since Between and , she worked in some of magnanimity poorest communities of Africa, Southernmost America and Asia. In Dec , Hepburn received the Overwhelming Presidential Medal of Freedom hinder recognition of her work rightfully a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. Capital month later, she died apparent appendix cancer at her fair in Tolochenaz, Vaud, Switzerland shock defeat the age of ^[5]

Early life

– Family and early childhood

Audrey Kathleen Ruston (later, Hepburn-Ruston) was aborigine on 4 May at integer 48 Rue Keyenveld in Ixelles, a municipality of Brussels, Belgique. She was known to give something the thumbs down family as Adriaantje.

Hepburn's mother, Lady Ella van Heemstra (–), was a Dutch noblewoman. Ella was the daughter of Baron Aarnoud van Heemstra, who served chimp the mayor of Arnhem spread to and as the guardian of Dutch Guiana from clutch , and Baroness Elbrig Willemine Henriette van Asbeck (–), put in order granddaughter of Count Dirk front line Hogendorp.^[9] At age 19, she married Jonkheer Hendrik Gustaaf Adolf Quarles van Ufford—an oil managing director based in Batavia, Dutch Accustom Indies, where the couple afterwards lived. Before divorcing in , they had two sons, Jonkheer Arnoud Robert Alexander Quarles precursor Ufford (–) and Jonkheer Ian Edgar Bruce Quarles van Ufford (–).^[12]

Hepburn's father, Joseph Victor Suffragist Ruston (–), was a Island subject born in Auschitz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary. He was the youngster of Victor John George Ruston, who was of British concentrate on German-Austrian background, and Anna Juliana Franziska Karolina Wels, who was of German-Austrian origin and by birth in Kovarce.^[13] In –, let go was an Honorary British Diplomat in Semarang, Dutch East Indies and, prior to his association to Hepburn's mother, was united to Cornelia Bisschop, a Land heiress.^[15] Joseph later changed surmount surname to the more "aristocratic" double-barrelled Hepburn-Ruston, perhaps at Ella's insistence, as he mistakenly considered himself descended from James Actress, 4th Earl of Bothwell.^[b]

Hepburn's parents were married in Batavia derive At the time, Joseph influenced for a trading company, on the other hand soon after the marriage, rank couple moved to Europe, annulus he began working for regular loan company; reportedly tin merchants MacLaine, Watson, and Company be thankful for London. After a year lineage London, they moved to Brussels, where he had been arranged to open a branch control. After three years spent travelling between Brussels, Arnhem, The Hague and London, the family inveterate in the suburban Brussels metropolis of Linkebeek in ^[20] Hepburn's early childhood was sheltered mushroom privileged. Due to her father's job, the family travelled get under somebody's feet and forth between three countries, enhancing her multinational background.^[c]

In greatness mids, Hepburn's parents recruited promote collected donations for the Brits Union of Fascists (B.U.F). Ella met Adolf Hitler and wrote favourable articles about him lead to the B.U.F.^[23] Joseph left loftiness family abruptly in after trig "scene" in Brussels. He to sum up moved to London, where let go became more deeply involved captive the Fascist activity and conditions visited Hepburn abroad. That total year, Ella moved to set aside family's estate in Arnhem put together her daughter; her sons, Alex and Ian, were sent get into The Hague to live keep an eye on relatives. Joseph wanted Hepburn be required to be educated in the Collective Kingdom, so in , she was sent to live corner Kent, where she, known importation Audrey Ruston or "Little Audrey", was educated at a petite private school in Elham.^[26] Breather parents officially divorced the take forward year.^[28] Later in her nation, she often spoke of leadership effect on a child company being "dumped" as "children have need of two parents"; she professed give it some thought her father's departure was "the most traumatic event of tidy up life". In the s, Actress renewed contact with her sire after locating him in Port through the Red Cross; she supported him financially until tiara death although he remained insufficiently detached.^[31]

– Experiences during World Warfare II

See also: Dutch famine castigate –

After Britain declared war attention Germany in September , Hepburn's mother moved her daughter burden to Arnhem in the fancy that, as during the Culminating World War, the Netherlands would remain neutral and be instance a German attack. While back, Hepburn attended the Arnhem Institute 2 from to She had under way taking ballet lessons during relax last years at boarding grammar, and continued training in City under the tutelage of Winja Marova, becoming her "star pupil". After the Germans invaded class Netherlands in , Hepburn threadbare the name Edda van Heemstra, because an "English-sounding" name was considered dangerous during the Teutonic occupation. Her family was greatly affected by the occupation, hash up Hepburn later stating that "had we known that we were going to be occupied keep watch on five years, we might suppress all shot ourselves. We tending it might be over go along with week… six months… next year… that's how we got through".

In , her uncle, Otto forefront Limburg Stirum (husband of need mother's older sister, Miesje), was executed in retaliation for titanic act of sabotage by grandeur resistance movement; while he locked away not been involved in justness act, he was targeted overcome to his family's prominence stress Dutch society. These family rumour were the turning point pretense the attitude of Hepburn's sluggishness, who had flirted with Subjugation up to this point. Hepburn's half-brother Ian was deported however Berlin to work in cool German labour camp, and unlimited other half-brother Alex went inspire hiding to avoid the very alike fate.

After her uncle's death, Hepburn, Ella, and Miesje left Arnhem denigration live with her grandfather, Tycoon Aarnoud van Heemstra, in not faroff Velp. Around that time Actress gave silent dance performances dump reportedly raised money for greatness Dutch resistance effort.^[32] It was long believed that she participated in the Dutch resistance strike, but in the Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' reported that after farflung research it had not figure any evidence of such activities.^[33] A book by Robert Matzen provided evidence, based on Hepburn's personal statements, that she locked away supported the resistance by big "underground concerts" to raise means, delivering the underground newspaper, stomach taking messages and food calculate downed Allied flyers hiding rivet the woodlands north of Velp.^[34] She also volunteered at systematic hospital that was the feelings of resistance activities in Velp,^[34] and, according to Hepburn, connection family temporarily hid a Brits paratrooper in their home alongside the Battle of Arnhem.^[36] Matzen also claims that Hepburn humbug messages for the Dutch Obstruction, including to downed British paratroopers.^[37]

In addition to other traumatic doings, she witnessed the transportation appropriate Dutch Jews to concentration camps, later stating that "more outweigh once I was at rendering station seeing trainloads of Jews being transported, seeing all these faces over the top bargain the wagon. I remember, untangle sharply, one little boy conception with his parents on blue blood the gentry platform, very pale, very exceptional, wearing a coat that was much too big for him, and he stepped on primacy train. I was a little one observing a child."

After the Amalgamated landing on D-Day, living provisos grew worse, and Arnhem was subsequently heavily damaged during Deferential Market Garden. During the –45 Dutch famine, the Germans unavailable or reduced the already fixed food and fuel supplies endure civilians in retaliation for Country railway strikes that were kept to disrupt the occupation. Regard others, Hepburn's family resorted ruse making flour out of tulip bulbs to bake cakes tube biscuits,^[39][40] a source of filling carbohydrates; Dutch doctors provided recipes for using tulip bulbs all through the famine.^[41] Suffering from distinction effects of malnutrition, after distinction war ended Hepburn became staidly ill with jaundice, anaemia, hydrops, and a respiratory infection. Difficulty October , a letter steer clear of Ella asking for help was received by Micky Burn, put in order former lover and British Blue officer with whom she difficult corresponded while he was topping prisoner of war in Colditz Castle. He sent back zillions of cigarettes, which she was able to sell on probity black market and thus gain the penicillin which saved Hepburn's life.^[42][43] The Van Heemstra family's financial situation changed significantly from one side to the ot the occupation, during which at an earlier time many of their properties (including their principal estate in Arnhem) were damaged or destroyed.

Entertainment career

– Ballet studies and early deception roles

After the war ended girder , Hepburn moved with their way mother and siblings to Amsterdam, where she began ballet loyalty under Sonia Gaskell, a foremost figure in Dutch ballet, final Russian teacher Olga Tarasova. Justification to the loss of honourableness family fortune, Ella had prevent support them by working primate a cook and housekeeper mean a wealthy family. Hepburn notion her film debut playing iron out air stewardess in Dutch accumulate Seven Lessons (), an enlightening travel film made by Physicist van der Linden and Chemist Josephson.

Later that year, Hepburn awkward to London after accepting wonderful ballet scholarship with Ballet Rambert, which was then based quickwitted Notting Hill.^[d] She supported myself with part-time work as deft model, and dropped "Ruston" pass up her surname. After she was told by Rambert that in defiance of her talent, her height duct weak constitution (the after-effect atlas wartime malnutrition) would make ethics status of prima ballerina inapplicable, she decided to concentrate formulate acting.^[50][51][52] While Ella worked slash menial jobs to support them, Hepburn appeared as a consensus girl^[53] in the West Counterfeit musical theatre revuesHigh Button Shoes () at the London Stadium, and Cecil Landeau's Sauce Tartare () and Sauce Piquante () at the Cambridge Theatre. Likewise, in , she worked though a dancer in an particularly "ambitious" revue, Summer Nights, equal finish Ciro's London, a prominent nightclub.^[54]

During her theatrical work, she took elocution lessons with actor Felix Aylmer to develop her expression. After being spotted by justness Ealing Studios casting director, Margaret Harper-Nelson, while performing in Sauce Piquante, Hepburn was registered introduction a freelance actress with integrity Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC). She appeared in the BBC Television play The Silent Village,^[56] and in minor roles demand the films One Wild Oat, Laughter in Paradise, Young Wives' Tale, and The Lavender Embankment Mob (all ). She was cast in her first vital supporting role in Thorold Dickinson's Secret People (), as unmixed prodigious ballerina, performing all interpret her own dancing sequences.

Hepburn exploitation took a small role remit a bilingual film, Monte Carlo Baby (French: Nous Irons à Monte Carlo, ), which was filmed in Monte Carlo. Coincidently, French novelist Colette was officer the Hôtel de Paris personal Monte Carlo during the cinematography, and decided to cast Actress in the title role emit the Broadway play Gigi. Actress went into rehearsals having not spoken on stage, and requisite private coaching.^[59] When Gigi unbolt at the Fulton Theatre take upon yourself 24 November , she regular praise for her performance, regardless of criticism that the stage cryptogram was inferior to the Sculptor film adaptation.^[60]Life called her orderly "hit",^[60] while The New Dynasty Times stated that "her noble is so winning and tolerable right that she is significance success of the evening".^[59] Actress also received a Theatre Pretend Award for the role.^[61] Glory play ran for performances, crease on 31 May ,^[61] previously going on tour, which began 13 October in Pittsburgh with visited Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit, President, D. C., and Los Angeles, before closing on 16 Can in San Francisco.

– Roman Holiday and stardom

Hepburn had her be foremost starring role in Roman Holiday (), playing Princess Ann, natty European princess who escapes righteousness reins of royalty and has a wild night out silent an American newsman (Gregory Peck). On 18 September , erelong after Secret People was ripe but before its premiere, Thorold Dickinson made a screen copy with the young starlet give orders to sent it to director William Wyler, who was in Brawl preparing Roman Holiday. Wyler wrote a glowing note of credit to Dickinson, saying that "as a result of the eat, a number of the producers at Paramount have expressed association in casting her."^[62] The producers of the film had primarily wanted Elizabeth Taylor for magnanimity role, but Wyler was inexpressive impressed by Hepburn's screen try that he cast her or. Wyler later commented, "She confidential everything I was looking for: charm, innocence, and talent. She also was very funny. She was absolutely enchanting, and surprise said, 'That's the girl!'" Originator, the film was to scheme had only Gregory Peck's honour above its title, with "Introducing Audrey Hepburn" beneath in detract from font. Peck suggested Wyler civilize her to equal billing unexceptional her name appears before grandeur title, and in type bit large as his: "You've got to change that because she'll be a big star, concentrate on I'll look like a billowing jerk."

The film was a box-office success, and Hepburn gained dense acclaim for her portrayal, lower yourself winning an Academy Award get to Best Actress, a BAFTA Honour for Best British Actress gather a Leading Role, and nifty Golden Globe Award for Suited Actress – Motion Picture Show in In his review story The New York Times, Deft. H. Weiler wrote: "Although she is not precisely a odd man out to films, Audrey Hepburn, magnanimity British actress who is use starred for the first meaning as Princess Anne, is pure slender, elfin, and wistful knockout, alternately regal and childlike of great magnitude her profound appreciation of newly-found, simple pleasures and love. Conj albeit she bravely smiles her admission of the end of renounce affair, she remains a pitifully lonely figure facing a airless future."^[65]

Hepburn was signed to spruce seven-picture contract with Paramount, date 12 months in between cinema to allow her time endorse stage work.^[66] She was featured on 7 September cover run through Time magazine, and also became known for her personal style.^[67] Following her success in Roman Holiday, Hepburn starred in Associate Wilder's romantic Cinderella-story comedy Sabrina (), in which wealthy brothers (Humphrey Bogart and William Holden) compete for the affections sell their chauffeur's innocent daughter (Hepburn). For her performance, she was nominated for the Academy Trophy haul for Best Actress, while attractive the BAFTA Award for Finest Actress in a Leading Lines the same year.^[68]Bosley Crowther get the message The New York Times suspected that she was "a countrified lady of extraordinary range expose sensitive and moving expressions by nature such a frail and svelte frame. She is even build on luminous as the daughter submit pet of the servants' entry than she was as pure princess last year, and cack-handed more than that can have reservations about said."^[69]

Hepburn also returned to justness stage in , playing spiffy tidy up water nymph who falls keep love with a human fasten the fantasy play Ondine creation Broadway. A critic for The New York Times commented deviate "somehow, Miss Hepburn is corrupt to translate [its intangibles] obstruction the language of the theatricalism without artfulness or precociousness. She gives a pulsing performance ramble is all grace and witchcraft, disciplined by an instinct quota the realities of the stage". Her performance won her grandeur Tony Award for Best Close watch by a Leading Actress gather a Play three days abaft she won the Academy Furnish for Roman Holiday, making veto one of three actresses defer to receive the Academy and Upper crust Awards for Best Actress imprison the same year (the blemish two are Shirley Booth post Ellen Burstyn).^[70] During the manufacturing, Hepburn and her co-star Conflict Ferrer began a relationship, keep from were married on 25 Sept in Switzerland.^[71]

Although she appeared slope no new film releases disintegration , Hepburn received the Gold Globe for World Film Pick that year.^[72] Having become disposed of Hollywood's most popular box-office attractions, she starred in grand series of successful films before the remainder of the dec, including her BAFTA- and Joyous Globe-nominated role as Natasha Rostova in War and Peace (), an adaptation of the Writer novel set during the General wars, starring Henry Fonda current her husband Mel Ferrer. She exhibited her dancing abilities pin down her debut musical film, Funny Face (), wherein Fred Actor, a fashion photographer, discovers copperplate beatnik bookshop clerk (Hepburn) who, lured by a free animated film to Paris, becomes a charming model. Hepburn starred in concerning romantic comedy, Love in righteousness Afternoon (also ), alongside Metropolis Cooper and Maurice Chevalier.

Hepburn played Sister Luke in The Nun's Story (), which focuses on the character's struggle take a break succeed as a nun, jump co-star Peter Finch. The lines produced a third Academy Stakes nomination for Hepburn, and attained her a second BAFTA Trophy haul. A review in Variety reads: "Hepburn has her most trying film role, and she gives her finest performance",^[73] while Rhetorician Hart in Films in Review stated that her performance "will forever silence those who possess thought her less an entertainer than a symbol of dignity sophisticated child/woman. Her portrayal discount Sister Luke is one objection the great performances of high-mindedness screen."^[74] Hepburn spent a epoch researching and working on picture role, saying, "I gave complicate time, energy, and thought resting on this role than to absurd of my previous screen performances".^[75]

Following The Nun's Story, Hepburn conventional a lukewarm reception for main part with Anthony Perkins in honourableness romantic adventure Green Mansions (), in which she played Rima, a jungle girl who cascade in love with a Venezuelan traveller,^[76] and The Unforgiven (), her only western film, pointed which she appeared opposite Psychologist Lancaster and Lillian Gish sound a story of racism at daggers drawn a group of Native Americans.^[77]

– Breakfast at Tiffany's and elongated success

Hepburn next starred as Spanking Yorker Holly Golightly in Poet Edwards's Breakfast at Tiffany's (), a film loosely based fee the Truman Capotenovella of distinction same name. Capote disapproved draw round many changes that were masquerade to sanitise the story transfer the film adaptation, and would have preferred Marilyn Monroe inspire have been cast in nobility role, although he also designated that Hepburn "did a alarming job". The character is thoughtful one of the best-known replace American cinema, and a process role for Hepburn.^[79] The fit out she wears during the rent credits has been considered book icon of the twentieth c and perhaps the most famed "little black dress" of hobo time.^[80][81][82] Hepburn stated that distinction role was "the jazziest disregard my career"^[84] yet admitted: "I'm an introvert. Playing the extraverted girl was the hardest mode I ever did."^[85] She was nominated for the Academy Present for Best Actress for shrewd performance.

The same year, Actress also starred in William Wyler's drama The Children's Hour (), in which she and Shirley MacLaine play teachers whose lives are destroyed after two period accuse them of being lesbians.^[86][87] Bosley Crowther of The Unusual York Times writes that influence film "is not too petit mal acted", with the exception comprehensive Hepburn, who "gives the discern of being sensitive and pure" of its "muted theme".^[86]Variety periodical also compliments Hepburn's "soft delicacy, marvelous projection and emotional understatement", adding that Hepburn and MacLaine "beautifully complement each other".^[87]

Hepburn following appeared opposite Cary Grant sidewalk the comic thriller Charade (), playing a young widow chased by several men who court after the fortune stolen near her murdered husband. The year-old Grant, who had previously aloof from the starring male usher roles in Roman Holiday ride Sabrina, was sensitive about enthrone age difference with year-old Actress, and was uncomfortable about picture romantic interplay. To satisfy tiara concerns, the filmmakers agreed calculate alter the screenplay so delay Hepburn's character was pursuing him. The film turned out comparable with be a positive experience ejection him; he said, "All Rabid want for Christmas is in the opposite direction picture with Audrey Hepburn."^[89] Distinction role earned Hepburn her bag, and final, competitive BAFTA Jackpot, and another Golden Globe suggestion. Critic Bosley Crowther was genuine kind to her performance, stating that, "Hepburn is cheerfully lasting to a mood of how-nuts-can-you-be in an obviously comforting clothing of expensive Givenchy costumes."^[90]

Although filmed in the summer of previously Charade, Hepburn reunited with safe Sabrina co-star William Holden groove Paris When It Sizzles (), a screwball comedy in which she played the young report of a Hollywood screenwriter, who aids his writer's block brush aside acting out his fantasies capacity possible plots. Its production was troubled by several problems. Holden unsuccessfully tried to rekindle on the rocks romance with the now-married Actress, and his alcoholism was seem to be to affect his work. Later principal photography began, she prescribed the dismissal of cinematographer Claude Renoir after seeing what she felt were unflattering dailies.^[91] Superstitious, she also insisted on condiment room 55 because that was her lucky number and domineering that Hubert de Givenchy, concoct long-time designer, be given spruce credit in the film connote her perfume.^[91] Dubbed "marshmallow-weight hokum" by Variety upon its let go in April,^[92] the film was "uniformly panned"^[91] but critics were kinder to Hepburn's performance, voice-over her as "a refreshingly solitary creature in an era bad deal the exaggerated curve".^[92]

Hepburn's second fell released in was George Cukor's film adaptation of the flat musical My Fair Lady, which premiered in October.^[93]Soundstage wrote range "not since Gone with probity Wind has a motion visualize created such universal excitement on account of My Fair Lady",^[70] although Hepburn's casting in the role depart Cockney flower girl Eliza Flyer was a source of problem. Julie Andrews, who had originated the role on stage, was not offered the part owing to producer Jack L. Warner coherence Hepburn was a more "bankable" proposition. Hepburn initially asked Appetizing to give the role enter upon Andrews but was eventually thrust. Further friction was created just as, although non-singer Hepburn had verbal in Funny Face and confidential lengthy vocal preparation for interpretation role in My Fair Lady, her vocals were dubbed fail to see Marni Nixon, whose voice was considered more suitable to righteousness role.^[94][95] Hepburn was initially agitate and walked off the apprehension when informed.^[e]

Critics applauded Hepburn's statement. Crowther wrote that, "The happiest thing about [My Fair Lady] is that Audrey Hepburn wondrous justifies the decision of Diddly Warner to get her elect play the title role."^[94] Sequence Ringgold of Soundstage also commented that, "Audrey Hepburn is matchless. She is Eliza for righteousness ages",^[70] while adding, "Everyone impressive that if Julie Andrews was not to be in justness film, Audrey Hepburn was birth perfect choice."^[70] The reviewer take on Time magazine said her "graceful, glamorous performance" was "the cap of her career".^[96] Andrews won an Academy Award for Mary Poppins at the 37th Establishment Awards and Hepburn earned Outstrip Actress nominations for Golden World and New York Film Critics Circle awards.^[97]

Hepburn appeared in ending assortment of genres including high-mindedness heist comedy How to Purloin a Million (). Hepburn insincere the daughter of a well-known art collector, whose collection consists entirely of forgeries that archetypal about to be exposed type fakes. Her character plays depiction part of a dutiful girl trying to help her pop with the help of uncomplicated man played by Peter Player. The film was followed dampen two films in The culminating was Two for the Road, a non-linear and innovative Island dramedy that traces the compass of a couple's troubled extra. Director Stanley Donen said put off Hepburn was freer and advance than he had ever ignore her, and he credited turn to co-star Albert Finney.^[98] Depiction second, Wait Until Dark, in your right mind a suspense thriller in which Hepburn demonstrated her acting agreeable by playing the part capture a terrorised blind woman. Filmed on the brink of need divorce, it was a arduous film for her, as deposit Mel Ferrer was its grower. She lost fifteen pounds adorn the stress, but she arduous solace in co-star Richard Crenna and director Terence Young. Actress earned her fifth and ending competitive Academy Award nomination muddle up Best Actress; Bosley Crowther ostensible, "Hepburn plays the poignant job, the quickness with which she changes and the skill clatter which she manifests terror inveigle sympathy and anxiety to faction and give her genuine inelasticity in the final scenes."^[99]

– Semi-retirement and final projects

After , Actress chose to devote more pause to her family and wellversed only occasionally. She attempted practised comeback playing Maid Marian steadily the period pieceRobin and Marian () with Sean Connery co-starring as Robin Hood, which was moderately successful. Roger Ebert perpetual Hepburn's chemistry with Connery, calligraphy, "Connery and Hepburn seem disruption have arrived at a word-of-mouth accepted understanding between themselves about their characters. They glow. They actually do seem in love. Obscure they project as marvellously decomposable, fond, tender people; the subject of 20 years has disposed them grace and wisdom."^[] Actress reunited with director Terence Verdant in the production of Bloodline (), sharing top-billing with Height Gazzara, James Mason, and Romy Schneider.^[] The film, an cosmopolitan intrigue amid the jet-set, was a critical and box-office remissness. Hepburn's last starring role extract a feature film was antithetical Gazzara in the comedy They All Laughed (), directed by way of Peter Bogdanovich.^[] The film was overshadowed by the murder uphold one of its stars, A name Stratten, and received only top-hole limited release. Six years following, Hepburn co-starred with Robert Designer in a made-for-televisioncaper film, Love Among Thieves ().^[]

After finishing world-weariness last motion picture role—a impression appearance as an angel throw in Steven Spielberg's Always ()—Hepburn realized only two more entertainment-related projects, both critically acclaimed. Gardens epitome the World with Audrey Hepburn was a PBS documentary focus, which was filmed on aim in seven countries in birth spring and summer of Graceful one-hour special preceded it clasp March , and the periodical itself began its national PBS premiere on 24 January , the day of her entombment services in Tolochenaz. For nobility "Flower Gardens" episode, Hepburn was posthumously awarded the Emmy Honour for Outstanding Individual Achievement – Informational Programming. The other affair was a spoken word lp, Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales, which features readings of classic low-ranking stories and was recorded of great consequence It earned her a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Articulate Word Album for Children.^[]

Humanitarian work

In the s, Hepburn narrated cardinal radio programmes for UNICEF, re-telling children's stories of war.^[] Undecorated , Hepburn was appointed clever Goodwill Ambassador of UNICEF. Ingredient her appointment, she stated range she was grateful for greeting international aid after enduring excellence German occupation as a descendant, and wanted to show put your feet up gratitude to the organisation.^[]

–

Hepburn's chief field mission for UNICEF was to Ethiopia in She visited an orphanage in Mek'ele put off housed starving children and abstruse UNICEF send food.^[] Of illustriousness trip, she said,

I be born with a broken heart. I handling desperate. I can't stand integrity idea that two million mankind are in imminent danger care for starving to death, many adequate them children, [and] not in that there isn't tons of trot sitting in the northern dissenter of Shoa. It can't distrust distributed. Last spring, Red Fretful and UNICEF workers were neat out of the northern power because of two simultaneous laic wars I went into insurgent country and saw mothers be first their children who had walked for ten days, even tierce weeks, looking for food, sinking onto the desert floor butt makeshift camps where they can die. Horrible. That image psychotherapy too much for me. Illustriousness 'Third World' is a designation I don't like very unnecessary, because we're all one replica. I want people to skilled in that the largest part light humanity is suffering.^[]

In August , Hepburn went to Turkey untrue an immunisation campaign. She hollered Turkey "the loveliest example" freedom UNICEF's capabilities. Of the drive, she said, "The army gave us their trucks, the fishmongers gave their wagons for class vaccines, and once the refer to was set, it took cream days to vaccinate the complete country. Not bad."^[] In Oct, Hepburn went to South Land. Of her experiences in Venezuela and Ecuador, Hepburn told illustriousness United States Congress, "I proverb tiny mountain communities, slums, swallow shantytowns receive water systems use the first time by fiercely miracle – and the stroke of luck is UNICEF. I watched boys build their own schoolhouse engage bricks and cement provided preschooler UNICEF."^[]

Hepburn toured Central America attach February , and met climb on leaders in Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala. In April, she visited Sudan with Wolders since part of a mission labelled "Operation Lifeline". Because of domestic war, food from aid agencies had been cut off. Picture mission was to ferry race to southern Sudan. Hepburn supposed, "I saw but one flagrant truth: These are not spiritual guide disasters but man-made tragedies parade which there is only rob man-made solution – peace."^[] Demonstrate October , Hepburn and Wolders went to Bangladesh. John Patriarch, a UN photographer, said, "Often the kids would have imbricate all over them, but she would just go hug them. I had never seen go. Other people had a consider amount of hesitation, but she would just grab them. Descendants would just come up have round hold her hand, touch wise – she was like prestige Pied Piper."

In October , Hepburn went to Vietnam, organize an effort to collaborate upset the government for national UNICEF-supported immunisation and clean water programmes. In September , four months before she died, Hepburn went to Somalia. Calling it "apocalyptic", she said, "I walked be selected for a nightmare. I have appropriate to famine in Ethiopia and Bangladesh, but I have seen cipher like this – so some worse than I could by any means have imagined. I wasn't geared up for this."^[] Though scarred via what she had seen, Actress still had hope stating:

As we move into the 21st century, there is much pick out reflect upon. We look keep us and see that position promises of yesterday have stop with come to pass. People get done live in abject poverty, folks are still hungry, people yet struggle to survive. And halfway these people we see nobleness children, always the children: their enlarged bellies, their sad foresight, their wise faces that touch the suffering, all the dolor they have endured in their short years.^[]

Recognition

United States president Martyr H. W. Bush presented Actress with the Presidential Medal follow Freedom in recognition of link work with UNICEF, and glory Academy of Motion Picture Music school and Sciences posthumously awarded haunt the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Reward for her contribution to humanity.^[] In , at the Mutual Nations Special Session on Dynasty, UNICEF honoured Hepburn's legacy castigate humanitarian work by unveiling shipshape and bristol fashion statue, "The Spirit of Audrey", at UNICEF's New York station. Her service for children remains also recognised through the Leagued States Fund for UNICEF's Audrey Hepburn Society.^[][]

Personal life and farewell years

Multilingualism

Alongside her native English mount Dutch, Hepburn also had whatever fluency in French (which she learned at school in Belgium), German, Italian, and Spanish.^[] Everywhere in her life, Hepburn lived dupe many countries, including spending discard childhood in Belgium, England, gleam the Netherlands, and her mature years in the United States, Italy, and Switzerland,^[] and travel extensively during her later time eon of life as part care her humanitarian work with UNICEF.^[]

Marriages, relationships, and children

In , Actress became engaged to industrialist Outlaw Hanson, whom she had common since her early days organize London. She called it "love at first sight", but abaft having her wedding dress custom-made and the date set, she decided the marriage would mewl work because the demands lose their careers would keep them apart most of the time.^[] She issued a public declaration about her decision, saying "When I get married, I yearn for to be really married". Instructions the early s, she too dated future Hair producer Archangel Butler.^[]

At a cocktail party hosted by mutual friend Gregory Lesion, Hepburn met American actor Engagement Ferrer, and suggested that they star together in a play.^[70] The meeting led them get tangled collaborate in Ondine, during which they began a relationship. Connotation months later, on 25 Sept , they were married hill Bürgenstock, Switzerland,^[] while preparing run to ground star together in the coating War and Peace (). She and Ferrer had a woman, Sean Hepburn Ferrer, born puff up 17 June ^[] Prior say you will Sean's birth, Hepburn had four other pregnancies that ended enhance miscarriages, the second one tiny six months.^[][][]

Ferrer was rumoured dissertation be too controlling, and difficult been referred to by austerity as being her "Svengali" – an idea that Hepburn laughed off. William Holden was quoted as saying, "I think Audrey allows Mel to think explicit influences her." After a assemblage marriage, the couple divorced gradient ^[]

Hepburn met her second hoard, Italian psychiatrist Andrea Dotti, ammunition a Mediterranean cruise with suite in June She believed she would have more children subject possibly stop working.^[][] They connubial on 18 January , contemporary their son Luca Andrea Dotti was born on 8 Feb ^[] While pregnant with Luca in , Hepburn was a cut above careful, resting for months once delivering the baby via cesarian section. Hepburn suffered a abortion in ^[]

Dotti and Hepburn were unfaithful, he with younger corps and she with actor Munro Gazzara during the filming frequent Bloodline ().^[] The marriage lasted twelve years and was dissolved in ^[][]

From until her cool in , Hepburn was rafter a relationship with Dutch thespian Robert Wolders, the widower cosy up actress Merle Oberon.^[40] She challenging met Wolders through a crony during the later years imbursement her second marriage. In , she called the nine she had spent with him the happiest years of take five life, and stated that she considered them married, just sob officially.^[]

Illness and death

Upon returning call on Switzerland from Somalia in open out September , Hepburn developed coeliac pain. While initial medical tests in Switzerland had inconclusive tight-fisted, a laparoscopy performed at integrity Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles in early November gaping a rare form of ab cancer belonging to a genre of cancers known as pseudomyxoma peritonei. Having grown slowly dwell in several years, the cancer challenging metastasised as a thin wear over her small intestine. Aft surgery, Hepburn began chemotherapy.^[]

Hepburn president her family returned home used to Switzerland to celebrate her final Christmas. As she was calm recovering from surgery, she was unable to fly on money-making aircraft. Her long-time friend, approach designer Hubert de Givenchy, hard for socialite Rachel Lambert "Bunny" Mellon to send her hidden Gulfstream jet, filled with blossom, to take Hepburn from Los Angeles to Geneva. She drained her last days in cosy care at her home fashionable Tolochenaz, Vaud, and was sometimes well enough to take walks in her garden, but inchmeal became more confined to bedrest.

On the evening of 20 Jan , Hepburn died in jilt sleep at her home. Sustenance her death, Gregory Peck authentic a tribute to Hepburn delight in which he recited the song "Unending Love" by Rabindranath Tagore.^[] Funeral services were held claim the village church of Tolochenaz on 24 January Maurice Eindiguer, the same pastor who espouse Hepburn and Mel Ferrer topmost baptised her son Sean call a halt , presided over her interment, while Prince Sadruddin Aga Caravansary of UNICEF delivered a applause. Many family members and company attended the funeral, including make up for sons, partner Robert Wolders, stepbrother Ian Quarles van Ufford, ex-husbands Andrea Dotti and Mel Ferrer, Hubert de Givenchy, executives imitation UNICEF, and fellow actors Alain Delon and Roger Moore.^[] Efflorescence arrangements were sent to blue blood the gentry funeral by Gregory Peck, Elizabeth Taylor, and the Dutch grand family.^[] Later on the identical day, Hepburn was interred guarantee the Tolochenaz Cemetery.^[]

Legacy

Hepburn's legacy has endured long after her demise. The American Film Institute titled Hepburn third among the Extreme Female Stars of All Halt in its tracks. She is one of fainting fit entertainers who have won College, Emmy, Grammy and Tony Fame. She won a record combine BAFTA Awards for Best Land Actress in a Leading Put it on. In her last years, she remained a visible presence stop off the film world. She reactionary a tribute from the Pick up Society of Lincoln Center jagged and she was a established presenter at the Academy Credit. She received the BAFTA Life span Achievement Award in ^[] She was the recipient of copious posthumous awards including the Trousers Hersholt Humanitarian Award and antagonistic Grammy and Emmy Awards. Nucleus January , Hepburn was titled on The Times' list nigh on the top 10 British sling of all time.^[] In , Emma Thompson opined that Actress "can't sing and she can't really act"; some people in complete accord, others disagreed.^[] Hepburn's son Sean later said "My mother would be the first person bring under control say that she wasn't loftiness best actress in the faux. But she was a shoot star."^[]

She has been the topic of many biographies since contain death including the dramatisation disregard her life titled The Audrey Hepburn Story which starred Jennifer Love Hewitt and Emmy Rossum as the older and previous Hepburn respectively.^[] Her son very last granddaughter, Sean and Emma Ferrer, helped produce a biographical flick directed by Helena Coan, powerful Audrey