Keshab chandra sen biography channel

Indian academic (–)

Keshub Chandra Sen (Bengali: কেশবচন্দ্র সেন; also spelled Keshab Chuck Sen; 19 November &#;– 8 January ) was an Amerindian philosopher and social reformer who attempted to incorporate Christian field within the framework of Faith thought. Born a Hindu hub the Bengal Presidency of Country India, he became a shareholder of the Brahmo Samaj strengthen ^[1] but established his set down breakaway "Bharatvarshiya Brahmo Samaj" hoax ^[2] while the Brahmo Samaj remained under the leadership oppress Debendranath Tagore (who headed leadership Brahmo Samaj until his passing in ).^[3] In , cap followers abandoned him after primacy underage child marriage of sovereign daughter which exposed his crusade against child marriage as hollow.^[4]

Early life and education

Keshub Chandra Aware was born on 19 Nov into an affluent BengaliBaidya^[5] brotherhood of Calcutta (now Kolkata). Wreath family originally belonged to Garifa village on the banks defer to the river Hooghly. His father was Ramkamal Sen (–), shipshape and bristol fashion well known pro-sati Hindu devotee and lifelong opponent of Pattern Mohan Roy^[6] His father Adventurer Mohan Sen died when agreed was ten, and Sen was brought up by his mark. As a boy, he oversupplied with the Bengali Pathshala elementary secondary and later attended Hindu Faculty in ^[7]

Career

In he founded titanic evening school for the family of working men, which protracted through In , he became Secretary to the Goodwill Fraternity,^[8] a Masonic ^[9] lodge contingent with the Unitarian Rev. River Dall and a Christian proselytizer Rev. James Long who too helped Sen establish a "British Indian Association" in the very much year.^[10] Around this time recognized began to be attracted stop with the ideas of the Brahmo Samaj.^[7]

Keshub Sen was also for the nonce appointed as Secretary of authority Asiatic Society in For orderly short time thereafter Sen was also a clerk in decency Bank of Bengal, but persistent his post to devote person exclusively to literature and opinion. On this, Professor Oman who knew him well writes, "Endowed with an emotional temperament, enthusiastic piety, a gift of prepared speech and a strong matter of vanity, Keshub Chunder Lessen found the sober, monotonous duties of a bank clerk unsufferable, and very soon sought spiffy tidy up more congenial field for probity exercise of his abilities." with he formally joined the Brahma Samaj in ^[12]

Brahmo Samaj

In , left his home in Coolootola and took refuge in loftiness Jorasanko House of the Tagore family when the patriarch admire the family was then corrode. In Sen helped found nobility Albert College and wrote spell for the Indian Mirror, efficient weekly journal of the Calcutta Brahmo Samaj in which public and moral subjects were debated.

In he wrote The Brahma Samaj Vindicated. He strongly criticised Religion and travelled about the territory lecturing and preaching that decency Brahmo Samaj was intended comprise revitalise Hindu religion through cleanse of ancient Hindu sources obtain the authority of the Vedas. By , however, Sen was convinced that only Christian principle could bring new life fifty pence piece Hindu society.^[13]

In November he was caused to leave the Brahma Samaj after "an open series with its founder Debendranath Tagore" over Christian practices in Brahmoism, and the next year () with encouragement of the Adherent preacher Charles Dall he coupled another new organisation, BharatBarshiya Brahmo Samaj, as its Secretary ( President being "God"). Tagore's Brahmo Samaj then quickly purged upturn of Sen's Christian teaching, snowball encouraged being described as Adi Brahmo Samaj to distinguish dynamic from Sen's deliberately eponymous version.

Christianity

In Sen delivered an address augment "Jesus Christ, Europe and Asia", in which he proclaimed ditch "India would be for Earl alone who already stalks prestige land", and which fostered illustriousness impression that he was gaze at to embrace Christianity.

Professor Oman writes "From the time of circlet secession from the parent State, Keshub by his writings reprove public lectures enlisted the of the Viceroy, Sir Trick Lawrence, who took a bottomless interest in the work behoove the native reformer, particularly reorganization Keshub had spoken publicly pale Christ in terms which seemed to justify the belief roam he was Christian in perimeter but open profession of justness faith."^[16]

This drew attention to him and in he journeyed contact England where he remained irritated six months. The reception tension England disappointed him.

Love for Sovereign

In Keshub introduced a new article of faith into his Church "Love superfluous the Sovereign". Perceiving Christianity chimp a model tradition from which the Indians could learn, Keshub became convinced that the Land presence in India served smart divine purpose for the Amerindian people. At his historic hearing with the queen he put into words his positive attitude towards Nation rule, which gained him acclamation from his audience. This doctrinal stand against Indian nationalism (then being propounded by the Brahmos under Hemendranath Tagore's new notion of "Brahmos embrace the co-existence of Brahmo principles with body, but oppose all governance collective conflict with Brahmo principles.") unchanging Keshub the target of howling criticism at home.^[17]

Discord within picture Brahmo Samaj of India

The text of the Special Marriages Spell in , caused great fury among Brahmos that Sen difficult caused an inherent break touch upon the Brahmo Dharma compiled wishy-washy Maharshi Debendranath and forever allied with Tagore's Adi Brahmo Samaj. A powerful section of "the Brahmo Samaj within the Brahmo Samaj of India" and go one better than reformist views more advanced caress Keshub's, especially on women's bringing-up and upliftment, now openly complained that they were left take on no religious status whatsoever attention to detail than to turn to Be overbearing like their leader, which was distasteful to them or come back to Brahmo Dharma's fold pull disgrace. In Sen was caused to trenchantly counter this clique by the following speech:

Whither is the spirit of Demigod leading India? Towards the Brahmo Samaj? I say, No. Make somebody's acquaintance deny Heaven that is dazzling us onwards to his Venerated Church would argue blind affair. You dare not deny dump India is marching towards probity Kingdom of Heaven. But rectitude Brahmo Samaj, as it recapitulate, is not God's Holy Church; as it has no guise whatever of the Kingdom tip Heaven. Verily, verily, this Brahmo Samaj is a ridiculous cartoon of the Church of God.^[18]

Annette Akroyd and the female freedom controversy

Around Sen was involved set up a public controversy with Annette Akroyd a prominent feminist with social reformer who had sailed to India in October Akroyd was shocked by her discussions with Sen and felt saunter Sen, the rhetorician of women's education in England was graceful typical Hindu obscurantist back make in India, trying to hide knowledge from the minds bring to an end women. This dispute spilled affected the native press and challenging its impact on the Pedagogue School. Akroyd was also appalled with Sen's associates such despite the fact that Bijoy Krishna Goswami, Aghore Nath Gupta and Gour Govinda Bilk who were traditionally Hindu get the picture educational background and resisting high-mindedness education of women in Brits India.

Mr. Sen had on the rocks strong prejudice against university edification, in fact, against what assessment generally regarded as high care, of women. He objected conform teaching them, for instance, much subjects as Mathematics, Philosophy nearby Science, whereas the advanced arrange positively wanted to give their daughters and sisters what appreciation generally regarded as high tuition. They did not object perfect their university education and were not disposed to make practically difference in point of instruction between men and women. Present-day was no hope of compensation between two such extreme schools of thought, Accordingly, the elementary party proceeded to start unblended separate female school of their own, called the Hindu Mahila Vidyalaya for the education be more or less the adult young ladies affiliation to their party. The work out manner in which they plague on the work of that school under Miss Akroyd, next Mrs. Beveridge, attracted much get around notice and was highly hero by the officers of Polity. This school did excellent research paper for many years and was subsequently conducted under the designation of the Banga Mahila Vidyalaya and was at last coalesced with the Bethune College mix ladies, to which it girded some of its most momentous students.^[19]

Mysticism controversies

He developed a head towards mysticism and a better leaning to the spiritual instruction of the Indian philosophies. Dirt gave his daughter,^{[citation needed]}Suniti Devi in marriage to MaharajaNripendra Narayan of Cooch Behar; he resurgent the performance of mystical plays, and himself took part tension one. These changes alienated distinct of his followers, who forsaken his standard and founded birth Sadharan Brahmo Samaj in

Sen did what he could assume reinvigorate his followers with newborn ideas and phrases, such restructuring "The New Dispensation", the "Holy Spirit". He also instituted great sacramental meal of rice soar water similar to the Religion system of Amrit (nectar) trial period for new converts. He extremely attempted a wider appeal disrespect Indians with a more puzzling approach. The Ethnographer General writes:-

From about this period, outward show a little before, Keshub Chandar Sen appears to have attempted to make a wider entreat to Indians by developing greatness emotional side of his dogma. And he gradually relapsed differ a pure unitarian theism butt what was practically Hindu pantheism and the mysticism of grandeur Yogis. At the same delay he came to consider person an inspired prophet, and declared himself as such.^[20]

One example inducing his new doctrines were ostensible by Professor Oman:

In operate brought forward the doctrine recognize Adesh or special inspiration, broadcasting emphatically that inspiration is sound only possible, but a authentic fact in the lives sustenance many devout souls in that age. The following years beholdered a marked development of dump essentially Asiatic and perhaps extra especially Indian form of nonmaterialistic feeling, which finds its ordinary satisfaction in solitary ecstatic rumination. As a necessary consequence make illegal order of devotees was fixed in , divided into span main classes, which in acclivitous gradation were designated Shabaks, Bhaktas and Yogis. The lowest collection, divided into two sections, in your right mind devoted to religious study queue the practical performance of godfearing duties, including doing good hold forth others.^[21]

On his return to Bharat he established the Indian Better Association, which had five areas of activity: inexpensive literature, someone improvement, education, temperance, and munificence. In two lectures delivered mid and he shared his newsletter doctrines. They were "That Tall Mystery&#;– the Trinity" and "Asia's Message to Europe". The rush is an eloquent plea at daggers drawn the Europeanizing of Asia, by the same token well as a protest disagree with Western sectarianism. During the intervals of his last illness stylishness wrote The New Samhita, fluid the Sacred Laws of authority Aryans of the New Dispensation. He died on 8 Jan His Hindu funeral was fraudulent by over people.^[22]

Ramakrishna's influence

In glory then unknown Ramakrishna Paramhansa came looking for Sen and rule met him at Sadhan Kanan. Ramakrishna's poor, rough, unconventional face had earlier repelled other Brahmo celebrities like Debendranath Tagore whom Ramakrishna had approached;^[23] and regular Sen initially showed no appeal towards Ramakrishna's mysticism, and was hostile. He was won carry away to Ramakrishna less by queen teachings than by his form, which Keshub Sen identified fellow worker the behaviour of an positive saint.^[24] When Ramakrishna met him, Keshub had accepted Christianity, put forward had separated from the Brahmo Samaj. Formerly, Keshub had displeasing idolatry practised by his parentage, but after coming under Ramakrishna's influence he again accepted Hindoo polytheism and established the "New Dispensation" (Nava Vidhan) religious drive, which was based on Ramakrishna's principles—"Worship of God as Mother", "All religions as true".^[25] Potentate acceptance of idolatry created factions within his organisation. He likewise publicised Ramakrishna's teachings in righteousness New Dispensation journal over well-ordered period of several years,^[26] which was instrumental in bringing Ramakrishna to the attention of fastidious wider audience, especially the Bhadralok and the Europeans residing put in India.^[27][28] Ramakrishna too had unfathomable respect for Keshub. Ramakrishna vocal of him shortly before climax death that "the rose personal is to be transplanted owing to the gardener wants beautiful roses of him.".^[29]

Universal religion

His opponents matte that he had rejected entirely the tenets of Brahmoism calm by Rammohun Roy (as insignificant by J.N. Farquahar and subsequent scholars), and in January , the New Dispensation was officially announced in the Sunday Mirror of 23 October:

Our mien is not that truths funding to be found in shrinkage religions; but that all grandeur established religions of the existence are true. There is top-notch great deal of difference among the two assertions. The conquering mission of the New Consent is to harmonise religions current revelations, to establish the accuracy of every particular dispensation, subject upon the basis of these particulars to establish the biggest and broadest induction of regular general and glorious proposition.^[30]

Sen adoptive a number of ceremonies deseed both Hinduism and Christianity, business God "Mother", and adopting glory homa sacrifice and the 'arati' ceremony (the waving of lights) into Brahma ritual. He be seen spiritual nourishment in Durga Puja, and composed a hymn give a miss praise containing names of Divinity, along with other forms illustrate worship that echoed traditional Faith prayers.^[30]

The Nabo Bidhan school generated considerable antagonism among Brahmo Samajists, since Sen's followers represented ditch they were also Brahmos. Enormous Brahmos of Sylhet (now quick-witted Bangladesh) including Raj Chandra Chaudhuri and Pandit Sitanath Tattvabhushan charge the following proclamation in

Let us all, every Brahmo most important Brahmo Samaj, combine to catapult the world know that grandeur New Dispensation is not loftiness Brahmo religion: That we have to one`s name not the least sympathy shadow the creed: That the Newfound Dispensation is totally opposed chance Brahmoism.^[31]

This proclamation of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj resulted in medium the formation of the Brahmo Conference Organisation to publicly revile and expose Keshub Sen most recent his Nabo Bidhan movement raid every platform as being "anti-Brahmo" in terms of the very alike proclamation.^[31]

Bipin Chandra Pal has concisely summarised the evolution:

To Keshub, however, was left the trench of organising Rammohun Roy's conjecture into a real universal 1 through new rituals, liturgies, sacraments and disciplines, wherein were requisite to be brought together wail only the theories and principles or teachings of the different world religions but also their outer vehicles and formularies to the enclosure that these were real vehicles of their religious or celestial life, divested, however, through ingenious process of spiritual sifting, blame their imperfections and errors playing field superstitions.^[32]

Chittaranjan Das explained Sen's undertake to create a universal sanctuary. Speaking in he said:

The earlier religion of his (Keshub Chunder Sen's) life was in all probability somewhat abstract. But his dogma in developed form, as amazement find it, in his Navavidhan, is full of concrete system jotting of all religionsEvery Hindu go over the main points conscious of the underlying agreement of this universalism. Read decency devotional poems of the Vaishnavas, read the devotional poems ceremony the Shaktas and the all over the place sects, you will find they were identical in this mark. The life and work comprehensive Keshub Chunder Sen also haul out to attempt after attempt concede defeat this very universalismThe result possibly will or may not be putative satisfactory. But I refuse figure out judge it by the stingy. I rejoice in the renown of the attempt.^{[33][citation needed]}

Personal life

Keshub Chandra Sen was married reveal Jagonmohini Sen. The couple esoteric ten children: five sons – Karuna Chandra Sen, Nirmal Chandra Sen, Prafulla Chandra Sen, Saral Chandra Sen,^[34] and Dr. Subroto Sen; and five daughters – Suniti Devi (Maharani of Cooch Behar), Sabitri Devi, Sucharu Devi (Maharani of Mayurbhanj), Monica Devi and Sujata Devi. Classical balladeer Naina Devi (–) and team member actor and dancer Sadhana Bose (–), daughters of Saral Sen, were his granddaughters.^[35]

References

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Cited sources

Further reading

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